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Co-Discoverer of DNA on Aborting Homosexuals, IQ, and Latin Lovers

post #1 of 50
Thread Starter 
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20071018/...sial_scientist
Quote:
LONDON - London's Science Museum canceled a Friday talk by Nobel Prize-winning geneticist James Watson after the co-discoverer of DNA's structure told a newspaper that Africans and Europeans had different levels of intelligence.

James Watson provoked widespread outrage with his comments to The Sunday Times, which quoted the 79-year-old American as saying he was "inherently gloomy about the prospect of Africa" because "all our social policies are based on the fact that their intelligence is the same as ours — whereas all the testing says not really." He told the paper he hoped that everyone was equal, but added: "people who have to deal with black employees find this not true."

The comments drew condemnation from British lawmakers, scientists, and civil rights campaigners. On Wednesday The Independent newspaper put Watson on its front page, against the words: "Africans are less intelligent than Westerners, says DNA pioneer."

Watson, who serves as chancellor of the renowned Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., was to deliver a sold-out lecture at the Science Museum, but on Wednesday night the institution said Watson's comments had gone too far and the event had been canceled.

This is not the first time Watson's speaking engagements have caused a stir. The Independent catalogued a series of controversial statements from Watson, including one in which he reportedly suggested women should have the right to have abortions if tests could determine their children would be homosexual.

In 2000 Watson shocked an audience at the University of California, Berkeley, when he advanced a theory about a link between skin color and sex drive. His lecture, complete with slides of bikini-clad women, argued that extracts of melanin — which give skin its color — had been found to boost subjects' sex drive.

"That's why you have Latin lovers," he said, according to people who attended the lecture. "You've never heard of an English lover. Only an English patient."
IIRC, that lecture at Berkeley was not well received. At all.
post #2 of 50
Quote:
extracts of melanin — which give skin its color — had been found to boost subjects' sex drive.

"That's why you have Latin lovers," he said, according to people who attended the lecture. "You've never heard of an English lover. Only an English patient."
I find this out AFTER I marry a German-Irish woman. Dammit.
post #3 of 50
"You've never heard of an English lover. Only an English patient."

You have to admit that makes for a great quote :-)
post #4 of 50
Quote:
The Independent catalogued a series of controversial statements from Watson, including one in which he reportedly suggested women should have the right to have abortions if tests could determine their children would be homosexual.
Wow. Could you see the homosexual community and the anti-abortion community coming together on this one?

No? Neither can I.
post #5 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by Tieman
Wow. Could you see the homosexual community and the anti-abortion community coming together on this one?

No? Neither can I.
It would be like crossing the streams in Ghostbuster.

In looking up that abortion quote, apparently he went on to say that a homosexual couple aborting a heterosexual child would also be permissible. He's labeled a secular humanist and noted atheist on wikipedia. Great.
post #6 of 50
Does it note him as a raving loon as well?
post #7 of 50
Without calling him a raving loon... I'd like to see the results of his studies and why he feels the way he does.

Then I want to call him a raving loon.
post #8 of 50
He first developed these theories during the physical act of love. Yes, a profound sense of fatigue, a feeling of emptiness followed. Luckily he was able to interpret these feelings correctly: loss of essence.

It has not recurred, of course. Women sense his power, and they seek the life essence. He does not avoid women, but he does deny them his essence.
post #9 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Trav McGee
He first developed these theories during the physical act of love. Yes, a profound sense of fatigue, a feeling of emptiness followed. Luckily he was able to interpret these feelings correctly: loss of essence.

It has not recurred, of course. Women sense his power, and they seek the life essence. He does not avoid women, but he does deny them his essence.


Does this have anything to do with the flouridation of our water?
post #10 of 50
Watson has always been a grade A asshole. However, the book he authored on the sequencing of the DNA structure is a fascinating read. It presents scientific discovery as an all too human project that is influenced by one's hopes, dreams, and desires just as much as one's knowledge, which, I think, gives it an enthralling vitality. (It also presents him as a skirtchasing hater of British cuisine and Rosalin Franklin as a person particularly prone to violent outbursts . . . after he pretty much calls her a fucking moron to her face.)
post #11 of 50
post #12 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Timothy225
Does this have anything to do with the flouridation of our water?
You know when fluoridation first began? Nineteen hundred and forty-six. Nineteen forty-six, Timothy. How does that coincide with your postwar commie conspiracy?
post #13 of 50
Quote:
In 2000 Watson shocked an audience at the University of California, Berkeley, when he advanced a theory about a link between skin color and sex drive. His lecture, complete with slides of bikini-clad women, argued that extracts of melanin — which give skin its color — had been found to boost subjects' sex drive.

"That's why you have Latin lovers," he said, according to people who attended the lecture. "You've never heard of an English lover. Only an English patient."
That's great! I knew there must be a logical scientific reason to back up my defense against all those frivolous sexual harassment claims. I was just getting close to all those women because my hot Latin DNA predisposes me to. I can't help it, just like a person can't help breathing. It's all genetics!
post #14 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by donde
That's great! I knew there must be a logical scientific reason to back up my defense against all those frivolous sexual harassment claims. I was just getting close to all those women because my hot Latin DNA predisposes me to. I can't help it, just like a person can't help breathing. It's all genetics!
"Would ya kill the flowers fer growin'? Would ya kill the little children fer laughin'?
post #15 of 50
What a Deoxyribonucleic asshole.
post #16 of 50
What would one expect?
He did win the Nobel Peace Prize.
post #17 of 50
witchesbrew, is it possible for you to get ANYTHING right? He didn't win the Peace Prize you fucking retard, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Pull your head out, you fucking idiot...know what? Don't pull your head out. Leave it in until you fucking suffocate and die.
post #18 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by leeVSbenway
witchesbrew, is it possible for you to get ANYTHING right? He didn't win the Peace Prize you fucking retard, he won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Pull your head out, you fucking idiot...know what? Don't pull your head out. Leave it in until you fucking suffocate and die.
Oh really, like I was referring to James Watson.
post #19 of 50
That shit read like a comedy skit.
post #20 of 50
Kinda sucks they cancelled him. The guy helped discover DNA. Anything else he says on the subject, agreeable or not, should be heard. Tell me you wouldn't like to hear him speak.
This is bullshit reactionary censorship.
post #21 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by BobClark
This is bullshit reactionary censorship.
True. I'm somewhat surprised his most recent comments have generated this kind of backlash, given the general tolerance directed towards his prior speeches.
post #22 of 50
So, you're insulting Al Gore (without indicating a change in topic) in a thread about Watson? Look out, Algonquin roundtable.
post #23 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by BobClark
Kinda sucks they cancelled him. The guy helped discover DNA. Anything else he says on the subject, agreeable or not, should be heard. Tell me you wouldn't like to hear him speak.
This is bullshit reactionary censorship.
I'd argue that I'd be more interested in hearing him speak after his comments, if only to hear him try to justify them. He does so, to some extent, in the follow-up article. Relevant quote:

Quote:
Without referring directly to the subject of racial differences, Dr Watson once more invokes the idea that Darwinian natural selection has led to differences in behavioural ability between people from different geographical regions of the world. "We do not yet adequately understand the way in which the different environments in the world have selected over time the genes which determine our capacity to do different things," he says. "The overwhelming desire of society today is to assume that equal powers of reason are a universal heritage of humanity.

"It may well be. But simply wanting this to be the case is not enough. This is not science. To question this is not to give in to racism. This is not a discussion about superiority or inferiority, it is about seeking to understand differences, about why some of us are great musicians and others great engineers."
I understand what he's saying on a level, but there are certainly better ways he could have articulated his point about varying levels of intelligence based on geographical region than by invoking race. I think most of us would have to agree that intelligence has some basis in genetics. If there were two cities, one full of smart people (city A), one full of dumb people (city B), and people from city A only reproduced with other people from city A, and the same is true of city B, then, yeah, one city is probably going to stay generally smarter, and the other generally dumber.

I think his (huuuge) mistake was in essentially saying that, if city B happened to be full of black people, their general dumb-ness has something to do with their blackness. For all we know, there's a city C, equally full of white and black people, all of roughly the same high level of intelligence, and a city D exclusively full of white people who are way dumber than the black people in city B.

Of course, this is also all assuming that there's a universal way to test for intelligence. Certainly, cultural factors play into how we perceive and test smarts.

Basically, he sounds like an egghead who knows a ton about genetics and not a lot about conveying these ideas to the general public without coming off like a tool. I imagine this isn't that unusual in the scientific community, which is why articulate guys like Carl Sagan are so appreciated by us non-science geeks.
post #24 of 50
Though I don't have too much to add to the conversation that hasn't been said, I do think that the attempt to measure intelligence is largely futile.

He seems to recognize that one person can be excellent at pattern recognition while another could be fantastic at gaging the emotional reactions of strangers. The problem is that we have (at best) a pretty rudimentary recognition of different types of intelligence available to humans. As a result, we have only one system of measurement that is closely associated with the type of intelligence that allows an individual to succeed in a western scholastic system.

I can see using that to both criticize and support Watson's point, but it's rarely held discussion that's ultimately very important. Solutions to problems are rarely one size fit all.
post #25 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
... I do think that the attempt to measure intelligence is largely futile.
Are you serious? You honestly think that gauging a person's aptitude for comprehending information and solving problems is impossible? Testing for intelligence is not a "one size fits all" procedure, but I don't think the exceptions make the rules.
post #26 of 50
What DaveB posted seems reasonable on its face, but with remarks about "black employees" and such, his desire to segregate intelligence based on race reminds me of researchers in the late 19th, early 20th Century who attempted to do much the same thing (measuring head sizes, etc) while harboring a more nefarious agenda that ultimately skewed their results.
post #27 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Overlord
Are you serious? You honestly think that gauging a person's aptitude for comprehending information and solving problems is impossible? Testing for intelligence is not a "one size fits all" procedure, but I don't think the exceptions make the rules.
I'm probably overstating my case, because IQ is correlated with proficiency in a great many things. But, look at your definition...it's hopelessly vague, and that's the problem. I'm not willing to accept that we can measure a person's ability to comprehend all types of information to apply them to all manner of problems with one number, no.
post #28 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by DaveB
I'd argue that I'd be more interested in hearing him speak after his comments, if only to hear him try to justify them. He does so, to some extent, in the follow-up article. Relevant quote:



I understand what he's saying on a level, but there are certainly better ways he could have articulated his point about varying levels of intelligence based on geographical region than by invoking race. I think most of us would have to agree that intelligence has some basis in genetics. If there were two cities, one full of smart people (city A), one full of dumb people (city B), and people from city A only reproduced with other people from city A, and the same is true of city B, then, yeah, one city is probably going to stay generally smarter, and the other generally dumber.

I think his (huuuge) mistake was in essentially saying that, if city B happened to be full of black people, their general dumb-ness has something to do with their blackness. For all we know, there's a city C, equally full of white and black people, all of roughly the same high level of intelligence, and a city D exclusively full of white people who are way dumber than the black people in city B.
Intelligence is mostly dictated by environment. Even counting epigenetics it is still environmental. Specially with emergence of epigenetics now you must say that the 99.9% difference between any two humans of the same sex is environmental.
post #29 of 50
Ironytrainwreck.gif
post #30 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by eenin
Intelligence is mostly dictated by environment. Even counting epigenetics it is still environmental. Specially with emergence of epigenetics now you must say that the 99.9% difference between any two humans of the same sex is environmental.
Except that generally all of the the recent research (much of it directed at identical twins raised in different households) reaches the exact opposite conclusion: intelligence, absent harsh environmental conditions in one's youth -- such as starvation -- is overwhelmingly genetic in origin.

How did we get this far afield on this topic? Even if Mr. Watson had legitimate scientific reasons (which he has yet to describe for us) for his broad, somewhat strange (latin lovers? Really?) conclusions, he came across as a complete ass.
post #31 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Ali Mohamed
What DaveB posted seems reasonable on its face, but with remarks about "black employees" and such, his desire to segregate intelligence based on race reminds me of researchers in the late 19th, early 20th Century who attempted to do much the same thing (measuring head sizes, etc) while harboring a more nefarious agenda that ultimately skewed their results.
Oh, yeah, the thing about "black employees" is absolutely batshit, as were most of his initial comments. But, given the way his apology was phrased, I still get the impression that he's probably just an egghead whose mouth gets ahead of him rather than a true proponent of eugenics or anything.

Although I notice on his Wikipedia entry that he also once said something to the effect that he thinks it would be great if there were a way to genetically make all girls pretty. Not only would this be considered kind of sexist by most, but it also makes the flawed assumption that beauty is not only in the eye of the beholder, but that every beholder has the same taste. It's really not too far removed from what The LD is saying about intelligence - criteria may vary.
post #32 of 50
Please don't take this as any sort of validation of Watson's comments, but:

Why should intelligence be immune to genetic study? Not just race, but gender, genealogy, diet, and global location? Other aspects of human genetics are studied in depth in regards to these aspects - skin color, height, weight... who is to say the human brain isn't also affected by these things?

Watson stated this with a complete lack of tact, that much is certain. But to deny this research into science because of offended sensibilities is just as restrictive as the refusal of the religious right in discussing evolution in any capacity.
post #33 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alan "Nordling" Cerny
Please don't take this as any sort of validation of Watson's comments, but:

Why should intelligence be immune to genetic study? Not just race, but gender, genealogy, diet, and global location? Other aspects of human genetics are studied in depth in regards to these aspects - skin color, height, weight... who is to say the human brain isn't also affected by these things?

Watson stated this with a complete lack of tact, that much is certain. But to deny this research into science because of offended sensibilities is just as restrictive as the refusal of the religious right in discussing evolution in any capacity.
Agreed. I think the tact part is the real problem. He jumped the gun in an alarming and tellingly racist way by assuming that any study in this area would somehow result in science backing up the idea that black people make for lesser employees, Latinos make for insatiable lovers, etc. He's probably doing a disservice to his own research.

I also think it's important, as Ali suggested above, to be very wary of result-skewing in this sort of research. Because of the vagueness inherent in defining and quantifying "intelligence," it might be possible for a study of this sort to be conducted with an eye toward certain results. Watson's slips of the tongue are troublesome, because he seems to have some potentially racist opinions on the matter, pre-research. I don't think this is any reason not to conduct the research, but I think I'd want to see conclusions from scientists other than Watson before buying outright anything he has to say about intelligence and black people or any other group.
post #34 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Alan "Nordling" Cerny

Watson stated this with a complete lack of tact, that much is certain. But to deny this research into science because of offended sensibilities is just as restrictive as the refusal of the religious right in discussing evolution in any capacity.
excuse my bad grammar

It has nothing to do with sensibility since eenin is right. And you will only find (exceptionally) slight differences that could be skewed with proper teaching etc...

Watson is a dick, he put the pieces together with the DNA helix and he even stole the evidence and the "insight".
post #35 of 50
And leave the double helix model with Pam in HR, please, Dr. Watson.

Quote:
NEW YORK - James Watson, famous for DNA research but widely condemned for recent comments about intelligence levels among blacks, retired Thursday from his post at a prestigious research institution.

Watson, 79, and the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York announced his departure a week after the lab suspended him. He was chancellor of the institution, and his retirement took effect immediately.

Watson shared a Nobel Prize with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins in 1962 for co-discovering the structure of the DNA molecule. He is one of America's most prominent scientists.

In his statement Thursday, Watson said that because of his age, his retirement was "more than overdue. The circumstances in which this transfer is occurring, however, are not those which I could ever have anticipated or desired."
post #36 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Feral Akodon
It has nothing to do with sensibility since eenin is right.
From the admittedly little I've read on the topic, I think the jury's still out on whether intelligence is hereditary or not. I can't get past the fact that we inherit so many other traits from our parents. Why would intelligence be an exception? I'm not saying that socialization doesn't play a massive part in how intelligence might develop, but it seems weird to me to say that everyone starts with the exact same raw material, and intelligence is solely informed by how we're taught. If nothing else, genetics would at least play a part in the way each of us happens to learn, subject area interests, etc.
post #37 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by DaveB
From the admittedly little I've read on the topic, I think the jury's still out on whether intelligence is hereditary or not. I can't get past the fact that we inherit so many other traits from our parents. Why would intelligence be an exception? I'm not saying that socialization doesn't play a massive part in how intelligence might develop, but it seems weird to me to say that everyone starts with the exact same raw material, and intelligence is solely informed by how we're taught. If nothing else, genetics would at least play a part in the way each of us happens to learn, subject area interests, etc.
I believe the jury came in a while ago, and intelligence (as opposed to knowledge) appears to be resoundingly heriditary. Studies of twins separated at birth are particularly convincing. All of the persuasive research I've seen in regards to environmental affects on intelligence conclude that while a catastrophically bad environment hampers intellectual development, an environment conducive to learning does not produce the opposite effect.

If you're aware of statistical studies that state otherwise, I'd love to read them. The inheritability of intelligence is particularly interested when you consider both the Flynn effect (testable IQs are rising worldwide, particularly amongst minority populations) and the regression to the mean phenomenom amongst the children of highly intelligent parents.
post #38 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Overlord
I believe the jury came in a while ago, and intelligence (as opposed to knowledge) appears to be resoundingly heriditary. Studies of twins separated at birth are particularly convincing. All of the persuasive research I've seen in regards to environmental affects on intelligence conclude that while a catastrophically bad environment hampers intellectual development, an environment conducive to learning does not produce the opposite effect.

If you're aware of statistical studies that state otherwise, I'd love to read them. The inheritability of intelligence is particularly interested when you consider both the Flynn effect (testable IQs are rising worldwide, particularly amongst minority populations) and the regression to the mean phenomenom amongst the children of highly intelligent parents.

With the emergence of epigenetics, I believe you are wrong. Chemical switching has a much bigger effect on human physiology then the genome. Twins may be more alike on average simply because they shared the same womb at the same time then the fact that they are genetically identical. Beside twins are not always identical even if they have the same genome. Some identical twins have very great differences, like one being autistic and the other one being normal, or one getting cancer and the other not getting it. Nova did a whole episode this week. The simple fact is chemical switching of the genome play a bigger role in who we are then the genome itself. The really scary thing about epigenetics switching is that environmental effect can have effect on generations yet to come. Your smoking or drug use may not only effect you but you children, you grand children, and even maybe your grandchildren's grandchildren.
post #39 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by eenin
With the emergence of epigenetics, I believe you are wrong.
First off, you are drawing a false dichotomy between inheritable traits and epigenetic proclivities; they are part and parcel of the DNA package each child receives from their parents, although the genes to a certain extent play "choose your own adventure" after birth. Secondly, I am aware of no substantial, statistical research that supports your assertion. Smoking or other catastrophically hazardous environments will stunt develop (which I said, above), but epigenetic processes that influence intelligence, if any exist, aren't reflected in real-world studies. For example, twins raised in radically different environments tend to peform approximately as well on similar tests.
post #40 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Overlord
If you're aware of statistical studies that state otherwise, I'd love to read them.
I was more agreeing with you than not (though, like I said, this isn't something I've really investigated). I was responding to eenin's post that intelligence was mostly determined by environment.
post #41 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Overlord
First off, you are drawing a false dichotomy between inheritable traits and epigenetic proclivities; they are part and parcel of the DNA package each child receives from their parents, although the genes to a certain extent play "choose your own adventure" after birth. Secondly, I am aware of no substantial, statistical research that supports your assertion. Smoking or other catastrophically hazardous environments will stunt develop (which I said, above), but epigenetic processes that influence intelligence, if any exist, aren't reflected in real-world studies. For example, twins raised in radically different environments tend to peform approximately as well on similar tests.

Since there are only 20,000–25,000 human protein-coding genes in the human genome and we are all genetically 99.9% the same. It not that much genetic difference between any of us. What you do not seem to grasp is that if intellect is genetic, then it is also epigenetic. So when and how those genes are expressed or even if they will be expressed play a bigger factor in intellect, then the genes themselves ever will. Since the expression of genes is a chemical process that mean that environment plays a larger role then the genes themselves do in the development of intelligence.
post #42 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by eenin
Since the expression of genes is a chemical process that mean that environment plays a larger role then the genes themselves do in the development of intelligence.
Except that's not what the relevant research has demonstrated, with one caveat: extraordinarily negative environmental pressures early in life stunt intellectual development. Which means any society interested in helping its citizens reach their full potential need to focus more energy on the foetal and infant time periods.

**Also, IIRC we're basically 90% similar to rats and 99.8% similar to a chimpanzee, so clearly small differences in genes play a pretty big role.
post #43 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Overlord
**Also, IIRC we're basically 90% similar to rats and 99.8% similar to a chimpanzee, so clearly small differences in genes play a pretty big role.
That's what I don't get about the counter-argument. Regardless of how similar all humans essentially are, genes clearly play a part in our physical characteristics (height, body type, hair color, skin color, etc.). Presumably, it's epigenetics that might cause a tall couple to produce a dwarf, but, this sort of thing aside, genetics suggest that the tall couple will have a tall child, correct? Why would this be different in regard to mental characteristics? Genes suggest the way a child's intelligence might develop, environment further informs this, no?
post #44 of 50
The evidence strongly suggests "intelligence" is hereditary. I tend to think this gets some people really upset because it's not rectifiable by social policies.
post #45 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by nekkerbee
The evidence strongly suggests "intelligence" is hereditary. I tend to think this gets some people really upset because it's not rectifiable by social policies.
*DING DING DING* We have a winner.
post #46 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by nekkerbee
The evidence strongly suggests "intelligence" is hereditary. I tend to think this gets some people really upset because it's not rectifiable by social policies.
True, but this shouldn't be construed to devalue education. There's a big difference between smart/dumb and educated/ignorant. "Intelligence" should not be considered an absolute measure of potential.

Which is to say, there's only a handful of jobs in the world that could only be performed by people who are naturally very bright. Even "brainy" jobs (doctors, lawyers, engineers) could be done by average (or sub-average) folks with the proper training.
post #47 of 50
Thread Starter 
Quote:
True, but this shouldn't be construed to devalue education. There's a big difference between smart/dumb and educated/ignorant. "Intelligence" should not be considered an absolute measure of potential.
Absolutely true. Intelligence and knowledge are two very different things. After a certain threshold (for most professions), additional intelligence follows the law of diminishing returns and knowledge becomes far more important.
post #48 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by Schwartz
True, but this shouldn't be construed to devalue education. There's a big difference between smart/dumb and educated/ignorant. "Intelligence" should not be considered an absolute measure of potential.
Oh, I've never suggested otherwise, which is one reason why I put "intelligence" in quotes. Many social skills (which I lack) or simple perseverance and ambition will get you farther in life than mere smarts.

I'm not a socialist by any means, but I've always been a huge advocate of education, both private and state-sponsored. Children should be in school, and after a point anyone who wants to learn should have access to quality education.
post #49 of 50
Didn't think you were saying that, nekkerbee, it just seems like a natural progression from discussions of natural born intelligence. Paricularly when the conversation starts with Wilson's tactless comments.

I don't see how public education is even a socialist issue. Even the most pro-privatization capitalist should recognize that for America (or wherever) to even approach being the meritocracy we like to pretend it is, quality education must be available to everyone.
post #50 of 50
Quote:
Originally Posted by DaveB
That's what I don't get about the counter-argument. Regardless of how similar all humans essentially are, genes clearly play a part in our physical characteristics (height, body type, hair color, skin color, etc.). Presumably, it's epigenetics that might cause a tall couple to produce a dwarf, but, this sort of thing aside, genetics suggest that the tall couple will have a tall child, correct? Why would this be different in regard to mental characteristics? Genes suggest the way a child's intelligence might develop, environment further informs this, no?
I do not think you understand epigenetics. Genes are the hardware, and Epigenetics switching systems is the software. Epigenetics would say that the parents and their children are tall, because the environment they are living in is conducive to them being tall. All living organisms are plastic in nature. Humans and chimpanzees at most 5% difference and may be less then 2 %. So why are we so different? The difference is mostly in our chemical or Epigenetics switching systems. Also it is this Epigenetics switching systems and not genetic mutation which control evolution. We do not as yet understand how it works, but we do know that it can be altered on the fly by environmental conditions. One day we will be able to turn genes on and off at will, were and when we want them to. The environment dues this haphazardly right now. We know that there are links between famine, and diabetes as an example. If female fetuses are exposed to famine then their daughters, and granddaughters are more likely to have diabetes. If preadolescence boy are exposed to famine their sons and grandson are less likely to have diabetes then average. These are environmental effects and are not genetics. Other examples are some forms of cancer, autism, and many other disorders. Just because you have the genes for something does not mean you will get it. The gene may never be turn on This were environment come in to play. When and were genes are turned on and off are what make you, you.

http://www.nature.com/onc/journal/v2.../1206774a.html
Quote:
Aberrant DNA methylation of the promoter region is a key mechanism for inactivation of genes that suppress tumorigenesis. Genes that are involved in every step of tumor formation can be silenced by this mechanism. Inhibitors of DNA methylation, such as 5-azadeoxycytidine (5AZA), can reverse this epigenetic event suggesting a potential use in cancer therapy.
http://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?yea...rogram=cancgen
Quote:
he conference recently held by the American Association for Cancer Research on Chromatin, Chromosomes, and Cancer Epigenetics in Waikoloa, Hawaii, brought together almost 300 of the world's leading researchers in this field. They discussed the chromosome regions and genes that most commonly undergo epigenetic alterations in cancer cells, ways of identifying epigenetic modifications in cancer cells, and possible therapies to reverse this process.
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CHUD.com Community › Forums › CULTURE, HUMOR, & FREE FORM › Misc. Culture › Co-Discoverer of DNA on Aborting Homosexuals, IQ, and Latin Lovers