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Profaning the Sacred: When Does it Add, and Detract?

post #1 of 18
Thread Starter 
I just started a book by Edward Lee called "House Infernal". I'm only 5 chapters in, so I can't really say what the plot actually is, yet, but it involves an abandoned, soon to be refurbished monastery being fixed up by an oddly . . . forward. . . priest and - among others - a beautiful, virginal, young female theology student who's thinking of becoming a nun. A subplot involves a slutty damned soul that hooks up with a damned priest, who are currently traipsing through Hell trying to figure out ways to help said theology student, for reasons that aren't clear yet. What immediately attracted me to this book was the promise lurid, perverted sex and gory violence, both Edward Lee trademarks. On the drive home from work tonight - here we go again - I got to thinkin':

An oft used horror device is the corruption of sacred things. The innocence of children, the beautiful miracle of childbirth, symbols of Christianity (at least, in our Western art forms, that's the symbology that pervades), etc. I started threads specifically devoted to the former two already. What I'm thinking of mainly here is the latter: dececrating holy symbols, people, acts or concepts.

This certainly has the potential to be a powerful cinematic or literary device. Who didn't shiver or squirm a litle uncomfortably when Regan abused herself with the crucifix in "The Exorcist"? And the Lutz house telling the priest who had come to bless it to "Get. . . ooouuuuutt!!" has become "The Amityville Horror's" most famous line, and possibly its most disturbing scene. Barlow overcoming the priest's wavering faith in "'Salem's Lot", crushing the cross in his bare hand. Gabriel rebelling against God and leading a war in heaven fought by factions of powerful, amoral angels, regaling us with accounts of how he "Kills firstborns while their mommas WATCH!" in "The Prophecy". Even something as insidious as the use of the church's Gregorian chants in "The Omen" trilogy, and films that followed after on Satanic themes, to (very effectively, despite their church song origins) denote a sense of the demonic. The list goes on.

I have the feeling that Lee, in his zeal to be iconoclastic and over the top, may overdo it a bit in this book, desecrating church symbols, doctrines and worshipers for no other reason than to be shocking. Not that there'd be anything really wrong with that; I kind of figured that was where this book would be headed before I even bought it, and that was the RESON I bought it. Sometimes, as with spicy food, it's fun even when you overdo it. I don't mean to imply that pursuing this train of artistic thought can be considered "going too far", in that it is too disturbing; as Greg David astutely pointed out in an earlier thread, there shouldn't be such a thing as "going too far" in a horror book or movie, where disturbing ideas and imagery are the name of the game. To shrink from such imagery does a disservice to the mission statement, he quippped, and I agree. But what I am wondering is: did any book or film use this device to the point where it looked they were just trying to be shocking for its own sake, and not for any truly artistic reason? Where the cpncepts and imagery didn't serve the plot at all, but were just there, like a pointless jump scare, to mindlessly offend the viewer's sensibilitites?

Perhaps because we live in an age of political correctness carried to its logical extreme these days, but I can't, off the top of my head, recall anything that, in my opinion, anyway, did this (although Regan with the crucifix probably comes close). Perhaps they fear reprisals from the Catholic League or other groups. Maybe the filmmakers' or authors' own sensibilities prevent such things from appearing in their works. But I imagine if the attempt were especially obvious, heavy handed and gratuitous, it would detract from the film/book by making it silly rather than add to it by making it creepier.

What's your opinion? Is overuse of iconoclasm even possible, in your view? If so, can you think of examples where it was done? Or is nothing sacred, nor should it be?
post #2 of 18
Until more thought, I'll only comment on the effectiveness...

We've had a lot of threads analyzing the purpose and reaction to including extreme violence (torture, cannibalism, serial killing), sex, and the corruption of innocence and what is natural and good (one exploitation or another) in horror films. And they all seem to boil down to one thing... TABOOS. If the film is approached from a religious POV or filled with religious themes and imagery, the characters (and indirectly the audience) are reminded and confronted about those perversions and taboos head on. Most religions (especially Christianity) have a strict moral code and an authority/organization with which to enforce it. Seeing the self-proclaimed "pure" (really, we're ALL sinners) Defenders of Good defeated and/or tempted by their opposition, the Forces of Evil, should create even more of a sense of hopelessness and terror in the audience: "Well, if they can't win against such evil, what chance would I have?" Additionally, many times the religion itself is attacked in these films, causing the characters to doubt their own faith. The concept of having your whole belief system crumbling down or in peril is a very scary proposition, horror genre or not.

So to boil it down, I think this horror subgenre works well for the following reasons:
A. Direct confrontation with taboos.
B. The fear of Evil triumphing over Good.
C. Doubting one's faith.

I'm going to have to chew on the other points you brought up...


EDIT: This article focuses on the taboo of sex in horror films, but from a religious horror (demon possession, etc) analysis POV.
post #3 of 18
I don't have much to say, but I do think that this sort of thing works better on believers than non-believers. For instance, not too long ago I watched The Exorcist with my girlfriend, who had never seen it before. While I still find the film creepy and a bit unsettling, it's been a long time since it actually scared me, and even then, it had nothing to do with the religious aspects of the film. It was always more of the oppressive atmosphere that got to me. Now I just appreciate it for the great film it is, enjoying what a well-crafted piece of cinema it is.

Jenni, who is a Christian, didn't enjoy the movie much at all, but she was profoundly frightened by it, and her fear was pretty much a direct result of the religious aspect. She had a real hard time watching any of the possession scenes, being repulsed by them, but almost compelled to watch them at them same time. It was interesting watching her reaction, and in talking to her afterward, she said that she was most disturbed by the desecration angle that was explored in the film. It really hit her kind of hard, though she agreed that it was in service to the story.

So for an atheist like me, the whole "profaning the sacred" thing doesn't really enter into the picture, but for someone who even casually believes in a higher power, then I can see it being something of an issue.
post #4 of 18
Not to mention that horror films generally prey on the fear of death. In religious horror, you're not just confronted with the concept of mortality, but also the next step... salvation or damnation. Unless you're going to confession frequently or spending most of your day with your nose in a bible, you're probably not thinking about such heavy topics, so the movie forces you to at least address and contemplate these potentially frightful things.

Chris O, the believer VS non-believer angle assuredly plays into the effectiveness of one of these films. Even today, a pretty large percentage of the world's population believes in some higher power or a type of moral code, so I'm a little surprised that there isn't as much of a glut of this subgenre (when compared to others like the Slasher flick, etc). You'd think that it would be an even more prominent type of horror film because of the common fear factor, but maybe it is too sacred.

A close friend of mine has a brother who's a Jesuit priest. I'll ask his opinion as well.
post #5 of 18
And for some reason, the werewolf nuns from HOWLING 3 popped into my head. Playing on the audience expectations, this may (or may not, depending on your personal opinion of nuns) have been a shocker when they transformed in the flick:



It's simultaneously silly, disturbing, and WTF. It definitely added to the already-bizarre atmosphere of the movie.

Also thought about the splatstick flick, THE CONVENT, and the crazy intro that sets you up for a juxtaposition of violent, sacred, and absurd. So not only is this flick horror, it's Religious Horror/Comedy. In that vein, the priest from DEAD ALIVE "kicks ass for the Lord" and the "Power of Christ IMPALES you!" in JESUS CHRIST VAMPIRE HUNTER. These movies play with the absurdity of mixing these elements together for a more humorous angle, adding to the ridiculous (and perhaps mockery) end of the spectrum instead of the scary.


EDIT: Iggy, it's interesting that you mentioned Father Callahan (SALEM's LOT), as I just finished reading King's WOLVES OF THE CALLA (Dark Tower 5) yesterday and he's a major character in it.
post #6 of 18
Taboos and traditions have a very strong pull on society as a whole. It's no great surprise that good horror twists and scrutinizes those aspects of our lives.

I can't add much more to this conversation except that authors inject their own stilted beliefs into their work. IE, Catholic/religious dogma interpretations and observations. See the Prophecy series as a good example or the Omen series.
post #7 of 18
Quote:
Originally Posted by billylove View Post
Taboos and traditions have a very strong pull on society as a whole. It's no great surprise that good horror twists and scrutinizes those aspects of our lives.
We talk alot about horror mirroring certain current societal fears and taboos in the Creature-Corner MBs, but you just brought up something I hadn't really thought of before: TRADITION.

Like a warm blanket or hearth, humans take comfort in their traditions, whether they are religious or secular or a mix of the 2 (cultural). Traditions form an additional safety net around the characters/audience and perverting those traditions easily conjures up horror/fear/vulnerability. Humans fight change, and a disruption of the flow creates an unsettling feeling. Also, when a killer attacks you on a holiday reserved for joy, family, or spiritual observation (SILENT NIGHT, DEADLY NIGHT, etc) or an evil force rapes/invades/desecrates in a space meant for sanctuary (church, etc) it reminds me of the horror scenes that takes place in the bedroom/bathroom, and that no matter how safe you think you are (whether that's in your home or homeland), you're really not. Another take on the "unsuspected invasion/terrorism" theme. Furthermore, the juxtaposition of warmth/love/joy/unity/family/righteousness/celebration/tradition... against brutality, perversion, and CHAOS helps to amplify the desired effect.

Tradition and religion (opinions may vary on this hot topic) are meant to bring "order" and "peace", while the polar opposite (wantonness, debauchery, immorality, etc) brings "conflict" and "chaos"... and hopefully, in a horror flick, HORROR. What better way to showcase and highlight evil, than by providing the measuring stick by which that evil is judged?
post #8 of 18
With that said, there's always the point (one of Iggy's old threads) that horror is more effective when morality (in regards to who is subjected to the violence) is not a part of it, when the victims can be anyone at anytime... when punishment and terror is brought arbitrarily and without warning. Unless you believe in a greater cosmic plan or karma or God's Will, the real horrors of the world act in that way as well. Good people DO suffer, and seemingly (atleast in this realm ), wickedness does go unpunished. But including the motif of religion in a horror movie can still explore other ideas, by either confirming or denying that there are other-worldly forces (beyond our level of understanding) duking it out , offering that there may be reward/retribution for our acts here on Earth (and depending on the religion, more importantly, our FAITH here on Earth), or revealing that we may be merely pawns or acceptable collateral damage in the ensuing spiritual/supernatural battles.


Man, this thread has my mind reeling.
post #9 of 18
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by DARKMITE8 View Post
So to boil it down, I think this horror subgenre works well for the following reasons:

B. The fear of Evil triumphing over Good.

I'd refine that a bit to say that the thing this kind of imagery conjures up is fear of the triumph of ULTIMATE evil over ABSOLUTE good. Such as "The Omen's" coming of the Antichrist signaling the End of Days, when we all have to cash in our chips and leave the gambling area. Many of us, especially if you're raised Catholic, have this innate fear of God striking you down for even the most minor infractions (Thanks to Sister Mary Jerome; she's the one in the middle in the H3 photo above, I'm sure of it). God, with all His power and omniscience, is scary.

But if the DEVIL can profane God's holy symbols wantonly - something that'd get me struck down by a bolt from the Blue were I to try it - rendering God Himself impotent. . . well, that's got to be even scarier. Particularly so when you think about all the stuff we were taught as kids about the torments of Hell, and how Satan engineered all that. To think that he can just waltz in, chump off God, and get his way with our world and all who dwell within it can be truly, fundamentally frightening. Particularly if one has strong faith and beliefs. When I was a kid (faith of a child, as they say), I had an issue of "Son of Satan", that old Marvel comic, where he goes to Hell and meets up w/ Dad for some reason. I had to be 5 years old at he time, and I was terrified of this book, and refused to read it again after the 1st time, because in it there was this horrifying two page B&W spread of Satan himself, in all his horned, hooved, be-wing-ed glory, grinning through his pointed goatee and brandishing his pitchfork, awash in flame that simply frightened the PISS out of me. Had the 5 year old me seen "The Exorcist", I would have been similarly terrified.

Now, as a non-practicing Catholic, I can appreciate the desecration of sacred imagery in a more abstract sense; kind of like I, as a man, can appreciate the terrors associated with horror movie pregnancy and birth. I guess that's why I find it harder than some (like Chris, I guess) to find that a filmmaker or author can ever "go too far" with this theme.

Am I to gather, Darkmite, that you believe the absurdly comedic "The Convent" is an instance where you think a filmmaker DID go too far, in the sense that it was silly rather than scary? Or was that the point of the film? I admittedly haven't seen it.
post #10 of 18
Quote:
Originally Posted by IggytheBorg View Post
Am I to gather, Darkmite, that you believe the absurdly comedic "The Convent" is an instance where you think a filmmaker DID go too far, in the sense that it was silly rather than scary? Or was that the point of the film? I admittedly haven't seen it.
Definitely the point IMO. It's splatstick (ala EVIL DEAD) wrapped in different clothing. Plus it's got Adrienne Barbeau. Worth the viewing if you ask me, but I'm a fan of that splatstick subgenre, so I'm biased.

Quote:
Originally Posted by IggytheBorg View Post
I'd refine that a bit to say that the thing this kind of imagery conjures up is fear of the triumph of ULTIMATE evil over ABSOLUTE good.
That's basically what I was saying by capitalizing Good & Evil, but yeah.


Some other things to think about...

Is it hubris that makes us believe our immortal soul is so important of a prize in the fight between ULTIMATE evil VS ABSOLUTE good? And clearly the fear of losing oneself over to the control of demonic possession or the influence of evil forces touches a similar fear that INVASION OF THE BODY SNATCHERS does. Some may even argue that on the flipside, organized religion attempts to assimilate/recruit and control in a similar way. The percentage of populace that hates or fears religion (or sees religion as Evil) would require an alternate series of flicks to tap into that perspective (horror version of V for VENDETTA). Or they could just watch JESUS CAMP to be easily repulsed.


EDIT: The more we talk about it (or the more I ramble on and on), the more I can see this discussion turning ugly. RELIGION & POLITICS are the taboo conversation topics, right?
post #11 of 18
Thread Starter 
True, but as you stated earlier, we're always poking the taboo beehive around here. Amphibatron once stated that he thinks the Bible & its various authors are the biggest influence on horror as a genre. No one went after him with torches & pitchforks. I think we're fairly safe from religious right reprisals 'round these parts. And I wasn't trying to be obnoxious w/ the ULTIMATE/ABSOLUTE thing. Sorry if it came off that way.
post #12 of 18
Quote:
Originally Posted by IggytheBorg View Post
And I wasn't trying to be obnoxious w/ the ULTIMATE/ABSOLUTE thing. Sorry if it came off that way.
Not at all. I was just making sure you knew I was on the same page.
post #13 of 18
Revisited this today. What a great discussion. Why the heck didn't this go to 2 pages?
post #14 of 18
I missed this thread the first time around so I'm catching up.

Oddly enough, I really can't think of any horror movies off the top of my head that push the desecration angle too far, and, in fact, I would tend to agree with Iggy that there really isn't a "too far" in this case. Regan and the cross in The Exorcist is graphic, shocking, and completely out there, but it's purely driven by the stroy. The devil isn't just debasing Regan, he's doing it in the most shocking and offensive way imaginable, defacing a sacred image at the same time. I can understand being offended by it, but it doesn't exactly qualify as gratuitous--it's horryfying, but that's the point, right?

I also feel, as someone else mentioned, that it largely depends on your own attachement to religious symbols, or really, your own faith. Movies that effectively use the desecration of religous icons seem to always challenge the faith of the characters--e.g., a holy item does or does not have power based on the strength of a character's faith. For a non-religous person, I can't imagine this being particularly frightening, but for a Christian (to use The Exorcist as an example), what could be more frightening than being confronted with idea that your own faith might not be strong enough? The Exorcist is scary because it's a tense and well made film, but I think it would be scarier for Christians because of that philosphical and theological challenge, and the desecration of religious iconography is definately a part of that.


Edit:

While it's not a horror film, The Bad Lieutenant's nun-raped-on-the-altar scene would probably qualify as gratuitously shocking desecration of religious imagery.
post #15 of 18
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by MrMushnik View Post
While it's not a horror film, The Bad Lieutenant's nun-raped-on-the-altar scene would probably qualify as gratuitously shocking desecration of religious imagery.
That's the kind of thing I had in mind, yeah. I had actually forgotten about that scene.
post #16 of 18
As an atheist, I find that these themes of desecration still tend to work for me, which is a bit odd. Maybe it's just the social indoctriation. Western culture is so infused with assumptions of Christianity that maybe it's impossible to escape it. I find The Exorcist extremely disturbing, even though I don't buy a word of it. I do have a love of mythology and legend in general, so it's possible that I'm just buying into it on that level.

Really, as Iggy mentioned, I think that horror necessarily has to truck in transgressive ideas. Playing it safe with everybody's sensitivity isn't going to scare anyone. And naturally, any author or filmmaker who deals in this kind of material is going to face the charge that they're doing it "just to be shocking". Madonna often faced the same criticism over her sexual content. Harlan Ellison once responded to the charge that he was trying to shock people by saying that of course he was, and that breaking people out of the fog they build around themselves is a public service (only he said it with more swearing). Being shocked makes people think. A lot of people hate to think, so they hate being shocked.

I think that the only measure of whether a storyteller is misusing shocking material is based on how well he's using it. If it doesn't feel like it's serving a purpose, then he's not doing a very good job. The trick is to find a way to use that nun rape scene effectively, in a story that's made to feel like that needed to happen. Regan stabbing her cooch with a crucifix is something that belongs in that story. Hellraiser III using Catholic trappings was just stupid and simpleminded.
post #17 of 18
Quote:
Originally Posted by IggytheBorg View Post
I just started a book by Edward Lee called "House Infernal". I'm only 5 chapters in, so I can't really say what the plot actually is, yet,
Off topic, but did you read the previous two "Infernal" series books first? I just finished "City Infernal" which is the first, so was wondering if they interconnect "serial" style or are just separate stories utilizing the Mephistopolis as a setting.

The first came off as as chick-lit for goth girls who cut themselves. Basically a "Twilight" for hard core horror hotties. There was enough fantasy elements and Lee imagery to keep me interested though, but are the others worth picking up as well?
post #18 of 18
Thread Starter 
I didn't realize it was part of a series, so I haven't read any of the others, & don't know if they interconnect. I'd give 'em a read, but I'm in no hurry to do so.
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