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Originally Posted by DaveB 
Well, I think the main problem is that personhood is a philosophical concept (just as much as "adulthood" is), not a scientific one. Even if you break down development into a series of benchmarks ("hey, working lungs!"), it's impossible to pin down personhood to a particular biological step, aside from the most obvious one, which would be birth.
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I basically agree with you. It would be impossible (at least with our current knowledge) to accurately pinpoint some moment in time that we would all agree with and feel confident in.
However, we have to do that all the time with nearly everything. We take the evidence have and make our best guess. We have lots of scientific evidence that can help us make this decision, but nobody seems to want to use it.
Quote:
Originally Posted by DaveB 
And even that's somewhat arbitrary, but it has undeniable appeal as a benchmark due to its obvious visual impact. The baby is still an entirely dependent organism that just happens to exist outside the womb. So we're still dealing with a continuum, rather than a series of easily-identified steps.
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I think birth is more than somewhat arbitrary. I think you hit on the key point that it FEELS less arbitrary to many because of its visual and easily defined nature. Just like you say, the word "dependent" can be considered in many ways (you can argue most 1 year olds are dependent still).
The other issue is, you can have a 7 month baby outside of the womb, and a 9 month old fetus in the womb. Age and birth don't go hand in hand. Not that you said they did, but developmentally I think most would say a 9 month old is more developed both physically and mentally than a 7 month old, so why is the 7 month old a "person" and not the 9 month old?
It seems like neural development is probably a better benchmark.
Also, we don't need perfection. What if we could agree that 3rd trimester babies/fetuses are people in some way (in terms of neural development), but that 1st trimester babies are not. Have we nailed down a specific day? No, but maybe we can agree it is most likely happening around a certain month (or 1-3 month period).
We'll never be certain, and there will always be gray areas involved, but once again, why not use the evidence we have and make a best guess that most of us can agree upon?
It seems to make more sense than using birth as the defining moment, especially when premature babies have such a high survival rate, and when birth is often artificial (induction, c-sections, etc.).