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Is Google Making Us Stupid?

post #1 of 26
Thread Starter 
http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/...s-stupid/6868/

It's an article from 2008, but it's still relevant, and ripe for discussion - unless it has already been referenced on the boards.

I pretty much agree with its central point.
post #2 of 26
tl/dr
post #3 of 26
Dude...that was too long. I only read the first three paragraphs.

hehehehehehehehheheheheh

I think it's a reasonable thesis. I believe that we're seeing a fundamental shift in the way we process information in general, not just text-based info. Music, images, news items and visual entertainment are being delivered in different ways than they used to. For example, my birthday tradition is to sit in a darkened room and listen to "War of the Worlds". My kids have no clue as to why I'd do that.

I don't know that it's a quantifiably better or worse sort of development, but we're processing differently as we go along.
post #4 of 26
I teach this article to my students every semester. I've watched seven classrooms of freshmen take it apart. I'm happy to report that they voice and recognize some of the same concerns noted in the article. I've also found most of them to be capable of deep reading and careful thought, even though they've been classified by my university as, basically, remedial students. I find this comforting.
post #5 of 26
Considering yesterday's phone call to my mom involved a half hour of horror stories of kids getting into the local colleges and 65% being told they need to take 090 level English, that post gives me hope, indeed.
post #6 of 26
After a year of teaching, it's come to my attention that the need for remedial coursework at the college level says very little about the student. It, however, says A LOT about public education in the United States.

To keep us on track, let me attempt to knot these two threads together - It's not dissimilar to the 15th and 16th centuries, when the printing press was invented and mass-produced printed matter became "widely" available. Did that mean that, all of a sudden, everyone in Europe was literate? Of course not. But it did give people access to a technology that they had no experience with before. Our entire belief in the value of universal education sprang up around this invention. We should note that and act accordingly.

Dreary louse, I perceive this article as having a myriad of points that could be considered "central." Care to elaborate?
post #7 of 26
I don't think I've ever felt so keen a kinship with HAL in my life.

I'm pretty sure my irritation with 'news articles' on web sites like CNN, where bullet points are used to summarize a ten to fifteen sentence article, is germane to this discussion.
post #8 of 26
Thread Starter 
Quote:
Originally Posted by MissZooey View Post
Dreary louse, I perceive this article as having a myriad of points that could be considered "central." Care to elaborate?
The myriad information (that's self-dispensed at rapid speed) is causing us to believe we understand a lot about a lot of things - when this process is actually more akin to skimming. It's the difference between knowing what element of a text is, for example, ironic, and being able to yourself write something that's ironic.

Nobody can intuitively master and know every subject - and though the internet has broadened our knowledge, it's been at the expense of our attention spans, which could be further directed inward to find a sense of self.

To diverge a bit from the text, and turn anecdotal:

Natural curiosity is occasionally subverted by lists and disembodied factoids; which are absorbed in a manner that suggests a reader can be easily sated. This assumes there's a lot of nonsense and 'extra words' in texts that need to be broken down to their essentials, as if nothing will be lost in the process.

Note the obsession with news outlets jotting down statistics in so many articles. Statistics that are usually overwhelming or mishandled.

I can't convince anybody to read some Dostoevsky, or any literature of that nature. Somebody might say these novels are "drawn-out", but that's why they're novels. But fundamentally - it's not a social activity, and reading a book takes one outside the network. This is in spite of how a good novel can alter how you interact with that social network. But it's difficult to convince somebody that doing something so passive is valuable.

Look at how addicted we are to caffeine. I'm sure that's somehow related in an overarching societal sense. We want to be on the go constantly. And though caffeine is a stimulant, its uses seem to turn us into drones, and put less value in so-called 'contemplative time'.
post #9 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by Doug View Post
tl/dr
Dude, it's the Atlantic, whose articles are the very definition of tl/dr.
post #10 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by dreary louse

I can't convince anybody to read some Dostoevsky, or any literature of that nature. Somebody might say these novels are "drawn-out", but that's why they're novels. But fundamentally - it's not a social activity, and reading a book takes one outside the network. This is in spite of how a good novel can alter how you interact with that social network. But it's difficult to convince somebody that doing something so passive is valuable.
I wonder if part of the issue is a changing of the idea of "passive"?

The moments that have changed me in a fundamental way are almost always passive from an "action" point of view. The first time I saw Caravaggio's "John the Baptist" I stood three feet from it in stunned silence for about twenty minutes. There was a car accident once where I went to the side of a woman who'd collapsed after she staggered from her car and just held her hand while she whispered to me about her baby at home until the paramedics got there. Sitting in a symphony hall as a kid and experiencing the music of Beethoven live for the first time.

I suppose that the answer is that the passivity is internalized rather than externalized now more than when I was younger. I hungered for things. Struggled for them. Wanted to know the "why" as well as the what. Each of the experiences I listed caused huge roiling changes in how I saw myself or the world around me. I've yet to find a web site...any web site...that has had the ability to register on more than a surface level.

Granted, CHUD is pretty damn close in a lot of ways, but that has less to do with the information being presented and more with the long term associations I've made with the writers and fellow board members.
post #11 of 26
Thread Starter 
Er...I mean that reading a novel looks like a very passive activity, despite whatever may be affecting your head. Especially affecting your head to react in different ways to your surroundings, after the book has been read. I might have missed exactly what you were saying.
post #12 of 26
Holy shit...Doug is banned?
post #13 of 26
Geeks used to get their street cred for the amount of trivia they could vomit forth concerning the objects of their devotion. The arrival of the interwebs has re-located the nexus of information away from the dude living in his parent's basement and made it freely available to all. I think you are right in that more folks have access to a superficial level of information and that, in many cases, this comes at the cost of less depth of understanding.

I'm not sure how this change will play out in practice. If one is attempting to build a bridge, the engineering is still essential.

When Thoth invented writing, he presented it to Pharaoh and said 'with this, nothing will ever be forgotten.' Pharaoh replied, 'No, great Thoth, with this, nothing will ever be remembered.'
post #14 of 26
Salon posted a pretty good follow-up to this article, in which they review the book that expands on the original piece. Some good information presented in this one, as well as a number of similar links that they posted at the end of the article, as opposed to spreading them throughout the body of the text.
post #15 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by OCallaghan View Post
Holy shit...Doug is banned?
I heard he got a virus from the site.
post #16 of 26
Who hasn't?
post #17 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by dreary louse
I might have missed exactly what you were saying.
My point was this: the reading of a novel or listening of a symphony requires an active engagement at some level, right? I believe, rightly or wrongly, that people are assuming that when they google info or research dollops of trivia they are actively engaged when they are not.

Sorry I was not clear.
post #18 of 26
There will come a time when those of us who can afford them will have neural implants that will, essentially, function as a Google search engine. We will have instant access to information without the need to resort to an external interface.

This will continue to shift our paradigm from "knowledge is power" to "analysis is power."
post #19 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by FrankCobretti View Post
There will come a time when those of us who can afford them will have neural implants that will, essentially, function as a Google search engine. We will have instant access to information without the need to resort to an external interface.

This will continue to shift our paradigm from "knowledge is power" to "analysis is power."
The trick is that this shift will not be automatic. Google preys on our sense of immediate gratification (or, as MissZooey's fond of saying, "the illusion of ease"). When we enter a search, we depend not only on PageRank to determine our results, but on our own abilities to formulate search terms that represent our actual questions. So there's all kinds of room for us to come up with an answer that may not be the answer or a good answer.

There needs to be more of an educational emphasis on the analysis you're describing, as well as the means to do useful research using all the tools at our disposal (popular search engines, certainly, but also online databases, individual websites, and, yes, even print resources). Without these skills, people end up in a state of information naivete, fundamentally unable to find good resources, but convinced of their own ability to find "adequate" answers, nonetheless. Google is fine with this, of course, because it's more important that you're content than informed.

Without these skills, those neural search engines will just be a way of finding the same questionable information, only faster.
post #20 of 26
Ignore this. Nothing to see here.
post #21 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by FrankCobretti View Post
There will come a time when those of us who can afford them will have neural implants that will, essentially, function as a Google search engine. We will have instant access to information without the need to resort to an external interface.

This will continue to shift our paradigm from "knowledge is power" to "analysis is power."
In Charles Stross's excellent novel Accelerando, which you can read for free here, the main character uses "goggles" that provide an instant, always-on connection to the cloud to have access to not only information, but his "memories": stored experiences, video files, photos, etc. Without the goggles, he is very, very lost:

Quote:
Spring-Heeled Jack runs blind, blue fumes crackling from his heels. His right hand, outstretched for balance, clutches a mark's stolen memories. The victim is sitting on the hard stones of the pavement behind him. Maybe he's wondering what's happened; maybe he looks after the fleeing youth. But the tourist crowds block the view effectively, and in any case, he has no hope of catching the mugger. Hit-and-run amnesia is what the polis call it, but to Spring-Heeled Jack it's just more loot to buy fuel for his Russian army-surplus motorized combat boots.

* * *

The victim sits on the cobblestones clutching his aching temples. What happened? he wonders. The universe is a brightly colored blur of fast-moving shapes augmented by deafening noises. His ear-mounted cameras are rebooting repeatedly: They panic every eight hundred milliseconds, whenever they realize that they're alone on his personal area network without the comforting support of a hub to tell them where to send his incoming sensory feed. Two of his mobile phones are bickering moronically, disputing ownership of his grid bandwidth, and his memory ... is missing.

A tall blond clutching an electric chainsaw sheathed in pink bubble wrap leans over him curiously: "you all right?" she asks.

"I –" He shakes his head, which hurts. "Who am I?" His medical monitor is alarmed because his blood pressure has fallen: His pulse is racing, his serum cortisol titer is up, and a host of other biometrics suggest that he's going into shock.

"I think you need an ambulance," the woman announces. She mutters at her lapel, "Phone, call an ambulance. " She waves a finger vaguely at him as if to reify a geolink, then wanders off, chain-saw clutched under one arm. Typical southern émigré behavior in the Athens of the North, too embarrassed to get involved. The man shakes his head again, eyes closed, as a flock of girls on powered blades skid around him in elaborate loops. A siren begins to warble, over the bridge to the north.

Who am I? he wonders. "I'm Manfred," he says with a sense of stunned wonder. He looks up at the bronze statue of a man on a horse that looms above the crowds on this busy street corner. Someone has plastered a Hello Cthulhu! holo on the plaque that names its rider: Languid fluffy pink tentacles wave at him in an attack of kawaii. "I'm Manfred – Manfred. My memory. What's happened to my memory?" Elderly Malaysian tourists point at him from the open top deck of a passing bus. He burns with a sense of horrified urgency. I was going somewhere, he recalls. What was I doing? It was amazingly important, he thinks, but he can't remember what exactly it was. He was going to see someone about – it's on the tip of his tongue –

* * *

Welcome to the eve of the third decade: a time of chaos characterized by an all-out depression in the space industries.

Most of the thinking power on the planet is now manufactured rather than born; there are ten microprocessors for every human being, and the number is doubling every fourteen months. Population growth in the developing world has stalled, the birth rate dropping below replacement level. In the wired nations, more forward-looking politicians are looking for ways to enfranchise their nascent AI base.

Space exploration is still stalled on the cusp of the second recession of the century. The Malaysian government has announced the goal of placing an imam on Mars within ten years, but nobody else cares enough to try.

The Space Settlers Society is still trying to interest Disney Corp. in the media rights to their latest L5 colony plan, unaware that there's already a colony out there and it isn't human: First-generation uploads, Californian spiny lobsters in wobbly symbiosis with elderly expert systems, thrive aboard an asteroid mining project established by the Franklin Trust. Meanwhile, Chinese space agency cutbacks are threatening the continued existence of Moonbase Mao. Nobody, it seems, has figured out how to turn a profit out beyond geosynchronous orbit.

Two years ago, JPL, the ESA, and the uploaded lobster colony on comet Khrunichev-7 picked up an apparently artificial signal from outside the solar system; most people don't know, and of those who do, even fewer care. After all, if humans can't even make it to Mars, who cares what's going on a hundred trillion kilometers farther out?

* * *

Portrait of a wasted youth:

Jack is seventeen years and eleven months old. He has never met his father; he was unplanned, and Dad managed to kill himself in a building-site accident before the Child Support could garnish his income for the upbringing. His mother raised him in a two-bedroom housing association flat in Hawick. She worked in a call center when he was young, but business dried up: Humans aren't needed on the end of a phone anymore. Now she works in a drop-in business shop, stacking shelves for virtual fly-by-nights that come and go like tourists in the Festival season – but humans aren't in demand for shelf stacking either, these days.

His mother sent Jack to a local religious school, where he was regularly excluded and effectively ran wild from the age of twelve. By thirteen, he was wearing a parole cuff for shoplifting; by fourteen, he'd broken his collarbone in a car crash while joyriding and the dour Presbyterian sheriff sent him to the Wee Frees, who completed the destruction of his educational prospects with high principles and an illicit tawse.

Today, he's a graduate of the hard school of avoiding public surveillance cameras, with distinctions in steganographic alibi construction. Mostly this entails high-density crime – if you're going to mug someone, do so where there are so many bystanders that they can't pin the blame on you. But the polis expert systems are on his tail. If he keeps it up at this rate, in another four months they'll have a positive statistical correlation that will convince even a jury of his peers that he's guilty as fuck – and then he'll go down to Saughton for four years.

But Jack doesn't understand the meaning of a Gaussian distribution or the significance of a chi-square test, and the future still looks bright to him as he pulls on the chunky spectacles he ripped off the tourist gawking at the statue on North Bridge. And after a moment, when they begin whispering into his ears in stereo and showing him pictures of the tourist's vision, it looks even brighter.

"Gotta make a deal, gotta close a deal," whisper the glasses. "Meet the borg, strike a chord." Weird graphs in lurid colors are filling up his peripheral vision, like the hallucinations of a drugged marketroid.

"Who the fuck are ye?" asks Jack, intrigued by the bright lights and icons.

"I am your Cartesian theatre and you are our focus," murmur the glasses. "Dow Jones down fifteen points, Federated Confidence up three, incoming briefing on causal decoupling of social control of skirt hem lengths, shaving pattern of beards, and emergence of multidrug antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli: Accept?"

"Ah can take it," Jack mumbles, as a torrent of images crashes down on his eyeballs and jackhammers its way in through his ears like the superego of a disembodied giant. Which is actually what he's stolen: The glasses and waist pouch he grabbed from the tourist are stuffed with enough hardware to run the entire Internet, circa the turn of the millennium. They've got bandwidth coming out the wazoo, distributed engines running a bazillion inscrutable search tasks, and a whole slew of high-level agents that collectively form a large chunk of the society of mind that is their owner's personality. Their owner is a posthuman genius loci of the net, an agalmic entrepreneur turned policy wonk, specializing in the politics of AI emancipation. When he was in the biz he was the kind of guy who catalysed value wherever he went, leaving money trees growing in his footprints. Now he's the kind of political backroom hitter who builds coalitions where nobody else could see common ground. And Jack has stolen his memories. There are microcams built into the frame of the glasses, pickups in the earpieces; everything is spooled into the holographic cache in the belt pack, before being distributed for remote storage. At four months per terabyte, memory storage is cheap. What makes this bunch so unusual is that their owner – Manfred – has cross-indexed them with his agents. Mind uploading may not be a practical technology yet, but Manfred has made an end run on it already.

In a very real sense, the glasses are Manfred, regardless of the identity of the soft machine with its eyeballs behind the lenses. And it is a very puzzled Manfred who picks himself up and, with a curious vacancy in his head – except for a hesitant request for information about accessories for Russian army boots – dusts himself off and heads for his meeting on the other side of town.
This isn't too far off, IMHO, from what we'll see in most of our lifetimes.
post #22 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by DaveB View Post
The trick is that this shift will not be automatic. Google preys on our sense of immediate gratification (or, as MissZooey's fond of saying, "the illusion of ease"). When we enter a search, we depend not only on PageRank to determine our results, but on our own abilities to formulate search terms that represent our actual questions. So there's all kinds of room for us to come up with an answer that may not be the answer or a good answer.

There needs to be more of an educational emphasis on the analysis you're describing, as well as the means to do useful research using all the tools at our disposal (popular search engines, certainly, but also online databases, individual websites, and, yes, even print resources). Without these skills, people end up in a state of information naivete, fundamentally unable to find good resources, but convinced of their own ability to find "adequate" answers, nonetheless. Google is fine with this, of course, because it's more important that you're content than informed.

Without these skills, those neural search engines will just be a way of finding the same questionable information, only faster.
Steven Wolfram has this covered. http://www.ted.com/talks/stephen_wol...verything.html
post #23 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by Eyeball Kid View Post
This isn't too far off, IMHO, from what we'll see in most of our lifetimes.
Well, I for one hope not. People already walk around in a somnambulistic haze, fingering their pods, pads and berries. Besides, with decades of effort, they still can't get a decent cable signal into most homes.

Before it got to the stage described, society will have put enough of it's eggs into the vulnerable virtual basket allowing for one critical breakdown of a catastrophic enough magnitude that in turn cautions people back from this headlong rush from the tangible.

I'm no luddite, but I have a strong sense of caution when it comes to leaning on 'gadgetry'. Granted, it's a generational thing. Even at this point, I've still spent more of my life in a world where 1 out of every 1000 people had a computer in their home. And those were 98% Commodore, 1% IBM compat, .9% Apple II, .1% Trash 80s. Hardly Johnny Mnemonic.

Quote:
Originally Posted by DaveB View Post
There needs to be more of an educational emphasis on the analysis you're describing, as well as the means to do useful research using all the tools at our disposal (popular search engines, certainly, but also online databases, individual websites, and, yes, even print resources). Without these skills, people end up in a state of information naivete, fundamentally unable to find good resources, but convinced of their own ability to find "adequate" answers, nonetheless. Google is fine with this, of course, because it's more important that you're content than informed.

Without these skills, those neural search engines will just be a way of finding the same questionable information, only faster.
Would I be wrong to say that I detect a great deal of this in the operations of the news stations? More and more, they seem (to me) to be flying on details and not context or substance.

Also, with regards to what Frank said as well, do you (and Zooey) sincerely believe our culture is capable of moving in that direction? A position of being able to handle the information overload in a productive manner. Have we not yet passed a point where momentum has made catching up impossible?

I feel like I may be too optimistic in saying that I'm even cautiously optimistic.
post #24 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by Eyeball Kid View Post
Unless I'm misunderstanding, this sort of thing would answer "factual" queries, which is useful, certainly, but doesn't really address the most problematic aspects of online research.

Most research is not as simple as "give me the answer to my question." It involves analysis, synthesis, and, most importantly, the recognition that virtually all "facts," at least outside of mathematics and the hard sciences, are subjective - I'm not sure how this system would evaluate for subjectivity, as this requires an evaluation of who provided the information to the knowledge base in the first place. In fact, this seems counter-productive, as people who use this system will become dependent on a single source of information and the idea that all questions have but one, objective answer.

Quote:
Originally Posted by soylentgreen
Would I be wrong to say that I detect a great deal of this in the operations of the news stations? More and more, they seem (to me) to be flying on details and not context or substance.
Certainly. And this ties in with what I was saying directly above - Fox News, CNN, etc. train you to buy into a single-source, objective reality, which is comfortingly simple, but entirely incompatible with the way the universe works. If you want to know why tea partiers are so convinced of their righteousness, look no further than their discomfort with the notion of a subjective reality.

Quote:
Also, with regards to what Frank said as well, do you (and Zooey) sincerely believe our culture is capable of moving in that direction? A position of being able to handle the information overload in a productive manner. Have we not yet passed a point where momentum has made catching up impossible?
Hard to say. MissZooey would be more the expert than me on that one, since she teaches undergrads (some severely educationally underserved) the skills we're talking about.

The only thing I can go on is what I see on the web, and it seems to me that many of the worst researchers are adults who were educated on how to research in a pre-web era. It may not be representative of how well we'll ultimately adapt as a culture, but I think we can safely say that the ability to intelligently critique information will never be innate nor will it be something that technology will be capable of doing for us anytime soon. It's something we'll always need to teach.
post #25 of 26
Dave - you're right about Wolfram/Alpha. I think I misunderstood your original point. On the same page now. I was focusing on the "formulating correct search terms" portion of your post. One of Wolfram's big goals is to get his system to understand natural human language and to answer the question you meant to ask (this is a huge problem, and he admits that he thought it might be intractable, but they're doing pretty well so far). But indeed, that doesn't address the sources of the data it's computing, or getting researchers to be able to intelligently synthesize the data Wolfram spits out at them. That's definitely a problem.

Soylent - I wasn't making a value judgment about that future. Parts of that kind of vision fill me with deep unease, even as it fascinates. Something close to that ubiquitous Augmented Reality/mobile internet/lifelogging mobile device just looks pretty likely, to me. How many people do you know already who say they feel "naked" without their smartphones*? Or paralyzed when their net access goes down?

I'm not really comfortable with saying these technologies are making us "stupider," just different. It looks like we're just going to have to keep augmenting ourselves to keep up, and as Frank points out, eventually those augmentations are going to move inside of us. And eventually "humanity" will be mostly non-organic. And it will all seem so normal and mundane as it happens. Just like the internet, google, and the iphone are all mundane now.

See: http://io9.com/5533833/your-posthumanism-is-boring-me

*I admit to feeling this way with my iPhone. It's become an extension of me. I even feel weird letting others use it. And this is how I already feel at the very infancy of mobile computing. Imagine the emotional attachments we might have with our technology in 25 years. Scary/exciting/depressing/thrilling all at the same time.
post #26 of 26
Quote:
Originally Posted by Eyeball Kid View Post
Dave - you're right about Wolfram/Alpha. I think I misunderstood your original point. On the same page now. I was focusing on the "formulating correct search terms" portion of your post. One of Wolfram's big goals is to get his system to understand natural human language and to answer the question you meant to ask (this is a huge problem, and he admits that he thought it might be intractable, but they're doing pretty well so far). But indeed, that doesn't address the sources of the data it's computing, or getting researchers to be able to intelligently synthesize the data Wolfram spits out at them. That's definitely a problem.
Believe it or not, even a search engine that understands natural language questions might not even do the trick for questions with seemingly simple answers (helpful though it may be in some cases). To get why, it helps to be familiar with Taylor's model of information seeking behavior (which is a huge deal when it comes to reference librarianship, but has also been applied to information seeking behavior online), so it's about to get nerdy here.

Basically, when someone has an information need, they tend to go through four stages:

1. the actual, but unexpressed need for information (the visceral need);
2. the conscious, within-brain description of the need (the conscious need);
3. the formal statement of the need (the formalized need);
4. the question as presented to the information system (the compromised need)

The problem here is that, as we go through these stages, we tend to misrepresent our actual information need in an effort to make it conform to what we can easily express (to a person or a search engine). A good reference librarian will walk a patron who says he's looking for "books on political leaders" back from the compromised need stage and may find out that he's actually looking for information about Abraham Lincoln's homosexual liaisons. His original inquiry about political leaders may be expressed in natural language, but a response to it still wouldn't fill the actual information need.

Quote:
Soylent - I wasn't making a value judgment about that future. Parts of that kind of vision fill me with deep unease, even as it fascinates. Something close to that ubiquitous Augmented Reality/mobile internet/lifelogging mobile device just looks pretty likely, to me. How many people do you know already who say they feel "naked" without their smartphones*? Or paralyzed when their net access goes down?

I'm not really comfortable with saying these technologies are making us "stupider," just different. It looks like we're just going to have to keep augmenting ourselves to keep up, and as Frank points out, eventually those augmentations are going to move inside of us. And eventually "humanity" will be mostly non-organic. And it will all seem so normal and mundane as it happens. Just like the internet, google, and the iphone are all mundane now.

See: http://io9.com/5533833/your-posthumanism-is-boring-me

*I admit to feeling this way with my iPhone. It's become an extension of me. I even feel weird letting others use it. And this is how I already feel at the very infancy of mobile computing. Imagine the emotional attachments we might have with our technology in 25 years. Scary/exciting/depressing/thrilling all at the same time.
I still can't get past posthumanism or "the singularity" as a sort of replacement religion for atheists (mostly) who can't come to term with the 1) subjective nature of the universe and 2) mortality. It's Utopian in its desire to see humans merge with technology, as if the "objective truth" via the 0s and 1s of technology might bring about harmony and peace. The problem is that the "right" answer is often contextual and based on the individual and will continue to be so even after we've put chips in our head that sacrifice our autonomy and specificity for the sake of "information".

It's not even so much that I resent the idea of humanity turning into a hyper-rational race of cyborgs; it's that it doesn't square with anything I know about people. My truth isn't yours, and I'm not sure how this sort of thing could possibly be resolved via technology.
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