Depends on where you want to start. I've been reading William K. Everson's American Silent Film, and he he mentions Eadweard Muybridge from California spurring on the invention of moving pictures, with John D. Isaacs from the Southern Pacific Railroad providing much of the mechanical know-how. This was in 1877. Edison didn't get involved until 1887, when the Kinetograph and Kinetoscope made it possible for big audiences to watch. HOWEVER... Edison didn't really invent "the movie" so much, since the early stuff is fairly uncinematic and more a novelty.
So the Americans had the early TECHNOLOGICAL advances. As for who invented "movies..."
From Everson:
American cinema of 1896-1906 was actually far less enterprising than French cinema, which was unquestionably in the lead in terms of vitality and inventiveness. Both British and American cinema, the latter based largely in New York, were strongly influenced by the French.
I only mention because French bashers piss me the fuck off. Goddamn ingrates.
