Quote:
Burke recruits...:
Considering that God is not available to any of our five senses, why should humans have any concept of a supreme being?...Why are humans programmed to look outside themselves for answers? |
Because humans are programmed to seek and recombine patterns. Such pattern-seeking behaviour no doubt aided us greatly as an evolutionary mechanism, in providing for our ability to track migratory patterns of herds, set snares, start fires, use tools, and eventually, develop agriculture. So those humans with the most creative pattern-seeking brains survived, while those with a more mundane reliance only on their five senses did not.
But one of the side effects of pattern-seeking as an evolutionary tool is that true positives are rewarded far more than false positives are punished. Those who recognized that dissentary sufferers were cured by drinking salt water were rewarded over those who sought no pattern, but those who imagined that the cause of the disease was possession by evil spirits were not at a DISADVANTAGE compared to those who sought no pattern. It may even be the case that the desirability of creative pattern-seeking as a skill was by itself so much an advantage that even those whose patterns were more often wrong than right would still have an edge over those who failed to find patterns in the first place.
In fact, in many cases, both true and false patterns can coincide. The use of mulch in agriculture dates back to the sacrifice of previous harvests to the gods of the new one. The intent was to appease the unseen spirit to allow another successful growing season. That it also happened to have the tangible benefit of fertilizing the crop was a pattern whose effects were seen, without a true understanding of their cause.
So it should not surprise at all that our pattern-seeking ancestors would look for explanations of phenomena whose causes were not readily apparent to the senses, and that among the conclusions they would come to were postulates about the existence of spirits, ghosts, gods, demons and other unseeable beings who were able to influence their day to day life. This urge to seek ultimate causes of surface phenomena is, in fact, the origin both of religion, AND science. It is the same urge that led us to the discovery of germs, hormones, photosynthesis, gravity, molecular bonding, and the great variety of other scientific concepts that, also, are not apparent to the naked eye.
By the way, I wish to add that it is a very coy rhetorical game to slip in as many different religious precepts as possible (such as the Buddhist system of karma and dharma, or the Chinese system of ancestor worship, or the various pagan belief systems in multiple gods and spirits) into a single heading of belief in "something more," and then slyly changing the point of reference to universal belief in a "Supreme Being."
Sentiments that we might classify as religious probably ARE universal, and I believe they are for the same reasons that science is universal. But belief in a "supreme being" is most certainly not. As a matter of fact, in the course of human history, monotheism seems to be a relatively recent phenomenon, dating back no further than Akhenaton (who failed in his attempt at introducing monotheism to Egypt) and the earliest evidence of Hebrew culture from the same period (which, obviously, succeeded.)
So I can certainly agree that we all seek "something more," but we don't all seek the SAME something. Treating the significant differences between all these various "somethings" as trivial is a pretty poor starting point for any analysis of the human search for meaning.